Export diversification and real exchange rate in emerging Latin America and Asia: A South–North vs. South-South decomposition

The present paper examines the directional causality between export diversification and real exchange rate in the middle-income countries of Asia and Latin America over the period from 1995 to 2013. Additionally, we investigate asymmetries in the causality issue by examining the direction across trading partners.

Our empirical results show that there is a two-way causality between the two variables when we look at the sample as a whole. A causal link running from the real exchange rate to export diversification is consistent with the standard literature but it is not systematic at all. The reverse causation is very appealing and challenges the standard argument on exchange rate determination. When the causality issue is investigated by treating export markets differently, our findings at the aggregate level are confirmed in exports destined for the advanced countries. The analysis for ‘South-South’ trade only shows a unidirectional link from the real exchange rate to changes in export diversification. The same tests performed at the individual countries level reveal a heterogeneous causality across trading partners.     

国际资本流动对我国就业影响的均衡分析

文章通过建立一个劳动力市场与资本市场的均衡模型,对国际资本不流动与国际资本不完全自由流动两种情况下的分析表明,国际资本流动加剧了国内劳动力市场的就业风险,并且国际资本流动对就业水平影响与本国资本市场的开放度有关,增加开放度有利于提高本国的就业水平.我国应在采取有效措施减小国内劳动者就业波动的同时,逐渐提高资本市场的开放度.     

DIFFUSION MODELS FOR EXCHANGE RATES IN A TARGET ZONE

We present two analytically tractable diffusion models for an exchange rate in a target zone. One model generalizes a model proposed by De Jong, Drost, and Werker (2001) to allow asymmetry between the currencies which is often an important feature of data. Estimation of the model parameters by the method of Kessler and Sørensen (1999) using eigenfunctions of the generator is investigated and shown to give well-behaved estimators that are easy to calculate. The method is well suited to the models because the eigenfunctions are known so that explicit estimating functions are obtained, and because the state space is a finite interval, for which it is known that the method can be made arbitrarily efficient by including sufficiently many eigenfunctions. The model fits data on exchange rates in the European Monetary System well. In particular, the asymmetry parameter is significantly different from zero for three out of four currencies. An alternative diffusion model is presented with similarly nice properties, but with different dynamics that allow constant volatility near the boundaries of the target zone. No-arbitrage pricing of derivative assets is considered, and the effect of realignments is briefly discussed.     

我国纺织品出口对经济增长贡献的实证研究

出口贸易是影响经济增长的重要因素。本文采用1980-2004年的数据,描述了我国纺织品出口的特点,并借助协整模型实证研究了纺织品出口对经济增长的影响,指出二者之间存在长期的动态关系。通过定量分析,发现纺织品出口对经济增长的直接拉动度和贡献率都较低,这是因为我国纺织服装行业一方面受宏观环境影响,另一方面自身竞争优势不足。本文经过研究,形成了对我国纺织品出口与经济增长之间关系直观而清晰的认识,并为无配额时代我国纺织业发展的后续研究提供了参考。     

人民币实际汇率与贸易条件的实证研究

基于均衡汇率理论,应用协整模型,采用真实变量分析了1980-2003年的人民币实际汇率及其与均衡汇率的失调情况,进而研究了不同时期人民币实际汇率与贸易条件的关系。结果表明:贸易条件与中长期以及短期的实际汇率存在显著的关系,贸易条件的恶化或改善是导致人民币实际汇率升值或贬值的重要原因之一。并且,在不同的发展时期,贸易条件对实际汇率的影响呈现出不同的特点。     

提高科技型中小企业创业成功率的关键——创业选择

多数科技型中小企业寿命很短,人们往往从外部环境或内部经营方面来找原因,其实导致科技型中小企业成功率低的根本原因在于创业初期的三方面选择,即行业选择,创办模式与制度选择,创新战略的选择。只有初期选择正确,中小企业才能健康快速成长。     

论国际金融市场上利率传导的机理及表现

当国际金融市场的利率与一国利率存在差距时 ,国际资本便会流入或流出 ,随之又会影响其他国家的资本供给和利率。由于利差的经常存在 ,国际游资数额巨大 ,利率差的传导渠道不容低估。本文从利率的流动性效应着手 ,运用开放经济条件下利率传导的基本原理及利率、汇率和通胀率之间的关联性 ,分析国际金融市场利率传导机制的表现 ,得出来自利率、汇率平价机制的市场性传导在金融全球化过程中有力地影响着各国的利率水平 ,并且通过实际利率的变化影响经济运行步伐。     

慎待人民币汇率升值

人民币目前存在升值的内外压力，这是事实、人民币升值也的确能够带来某些好处，但是权衡起来，升值的弊端更大我们目前要采取这样措施，它们对中国经济发展和改革没有明显的消极影响，又在一定程度上能够缓解要求人民币升值的内外压力，并且这些措施能够为中国今后外贸的进一步发展和外汇管理体制的进一步改革创造有利条件。     

Macroeconomic factors and antidumping filings: evidence from four countries

This paper examines the relationship between antidumping filings and macroeconomic factors. Real exchange rate fluctuations affect the two criteria for dumping in opposite ways, making the overall effect on filings ambiguous in theory. Examining the filing patterns of the four major users of AD law during the 1980-98 period we find that real exchange rates and domestic real GDP growth both have statistically significant impacts on filings. Bilateral filing data indicate that a one-standard deviation real appreciation of the domestic currency increases filings by 33%. We also find one-standard deviation fall in domestic real GDP increases filings by 23%.